How do perception cognition and emotion affect negotiation Assignment

How do perception cognition and emotion affect negotiation - Assignment Example More often than not, perception can lead to various perceptual distortions that can affect the outcome of any negotiation and the times it can be in a negative way or error in subsequent communication. This is because perception depends on the perceiver’s present state of mind and comprehension Stereotyping, Halo effect, Selective Perception, and Projection are all perceptual distortions that in a given any negotiation environment and can lead to erroneous communication and build predispositions that will affect the outcome of a particular negotiation. Cognition is a common tendency to obtain process information by filtering it through a person’s own dislike, like and experiences. In other words, it is an irrational escalation of a commitment. Cognitive bias just like perception has a negative effect on negotiation, and a good negotiator should always develop skills to manage it. Negotiator should be aware that cognitive biases and misperceptions that occurs as he gather and process information and outline them in a structured manner within his team and with his counterparts. In addition, careful discussion of the issues during negotiation and preference can minimize the outcomes of perceptual biases. This is critical aspects and if not properly checked may lead to a negative outcome of a negotiation. In addition, it is important to consider when and how to interact in order think properly while trying to comprehend information around our environment to enhance negotiation. Closely related to these aspects are the various t ypes of cognitive biases that may result in an outcome of in negotiations: Irrational escalation of commitment, overconfidence, anchoring and adjustment, availability of information, issue framing and risk the winner’s curs, the law of small numbers, endowment effect, self-serving biases, reactive devaluation, ignoring others’ cognitions.

VALUE PRICING IN THE CPA INDUSTRY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

VALUE PRICING IN THE CPA INDUSTRY - Term Paper Example Since demand rises more than the supply as few institution exists, prices are hiked locking majority from accessing the service. In the provision of the service by the industry, various inputs and technologies are usually employed in the production process so as to get maximum output. For instance the company will hire labor that will offer the service which in this case is a highly qualified professionals. This kind of labor are usually hard to find and will always attract high salaries for them to come. On the other hand, demand is increasing due to a faster rise in the population of the country. The industry must then employ modern technologies that will help in the data management and records as it would be more efficient than the manual labor. The industry will have to acquire this modern methods hence incurring high costs (Dauber, Nicky, Jae, G. Siegel, and Joel, 2012) .As a result, the cost of outputs will be high and the industry will be working for compensation in terms of high prices. The end user then will suffer due to exorbitant prices. Hence cost of production influences the market price of the goods and services. Customers are the basic client of any organization and without them, the industry cannot exist. They are always considered in every decision that is made by the management as they must be motivated, appreciated, given preference in all perspectives hence they play a key role in the development of any industry (Northrop, 2004). In most of the cases decisions are made with references to them since they are core mover of the business. However the customers do have limited resources and cannot achieve the entire satisfaction as they experience difficulties in choices about their consumption levels as to whether to consume the product or not due to their scarce means making them have different budgets and different incomes. The CPA is usually thus offered in different packages that suits each and every individual needs. For